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Iași (; also known by other alternative names) is the largest city in eastern Romania and the seat of Iași County. Located in the Moldavia region, Iași has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1564 to 1859, then of the United Principalities from 1859 to 1862, and the capital of Romania from 1916 to 1918. Known as ''The Cultural Capital of Romania'', Iași is a symbol in Romanian history. The historian Nicolae Iorga said "There should be no Romanian who does not know of it".〔(Tourism – About Iasi )〕 Still referred to as ''The Moldavian Capital'', Iași is the main economic and business centre of the Moldavian region of Romania.〔(About Iasi City )〕 As of 2011, the city proper has a population of 290,422, making it the fourth most populous in Romania. According to Eurostat, with 382,484 residents, Iași has the second most populous functional urban area in Romania,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Population by age groups and sex - larger urban zone )〕 whereas more than 500,000 people live within its peri-urban area.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Economy of a Regional Metropolis. Case-study: Iasi, Romania )〕 Home to the oldest Romanian university and to the first engineering school, Iași is one of the most important education and research centres of the country, and accommodates over 60,000 students in 5 public universities.〔(History of Education in Romania )〕〔(Metropolitan Area Iasi ) 〕 The social and cultural life revolves around the Vasile Alecsandri National Theater (the oldest in Romania), the Moldova State Philharmonic, the Opera House, the Tătărași Athenaeum, a famous Botanical Garden (the oldest and largest in Romania), the Central University Library (the oldest in Romania), the high quality cultural centres and festivals, an array of museums, memorial houses, religious and historical monuments. In 2012, Iași was selected as one of the European Cities of Sport.〔(European Capitals and Cities of Sport List ) at aces-europa.eu〕 The city is also a candidate to become, in 2021, the European Capital of Culture.〔(Iasi 2021 - European Capital of Culture )〕 ==Etymology and names== The city is historically referred to as: *(ブルガリア語:Яш, ''Yash'') *English, Polish: ''Jassy'' *(フランス語:Iassy) * German: ''Jassy'', ''Jassenmarkt'' *(ギリシア語:Ιάσιο, ''Iásio'') *(ヘブライ語:''Yasi'' ,יאסי) *(ハンガリー語:Jászvásár) *(イタリア語:Iassi) *(ロシア語:Яссы, ''Yassy'') *(セルビア語:Јаши / ''Jaši'') *(トルコ語:Yaş) *(ウクライナ語:Ясси, ''Yassy'') *(イディッシュ語:''Yas'' ,יאס) Scholars have different theories on the origin of the name "Iași".,〔(The beginnings of Iasi ) 〕 also referred to as Jassy or Iassy).〔(JASSY ) at jewishvirtuallibrary.org〕 Some argue that the name originates with the Sarmatian tribe Iazyges (of Iranian origin; possibly connected to the Yaz culture of Eastern Iran), one mentioned by Ovid as (ラテン語:"Ipse vides onerata ferox ut ducata Iasyx/ Per media Histri plaustra bubulcus aquas" and "Iazyges et Colchi Metereaque turba Getaque/ Danubii mediis vix prohibentur aquis"). A now lost inscription on a Roman milestone〔Museum Documentation Center Croatia, (A Tractate on the Roman Milestone Discovered near Osijek )〕 found near Osijek, Croatia by Matija Petar Katančić in the 18th century, mentions the existence of a Jassiorum municipium, or ''Municipium Dacorum-Iassiorum'' from other sources.〔(Orașul Iași: monografie istorică și socială ) 〕 Other explanations show that the name originated from the Iranian Alanic tribe of Jassi, having same origin with Yazyges tribes Jassic people. The Prut river was called as ''Alanus fluvius'' and the city as ''Forum Philistinorum''.〔Alexandru I. Gonța, Românii și hoarda de aur, Editura Demiurg,Iași, 2010, p. 102〕〔C.C. Giurescu, Târguri sau orașe și cetăti moldovene, București, 1967, p.242-245〕〔Gh. Ghibănescu, Originile Iașilor, în "Arhiva", Iași,1904, p.42-46〕 From this population derived the plural of town name, "Iașii". Another historian wrote that the Iasians lived among the Cumans and that they left the Caucasus after the first Mongolian campaign in the West, settling temporarily near the Prut. He asserts that the ethnic name of Jasz which is given to Iasians by Hungarians has been erroneously identified with Jazyges; also he shows that the word jasz is a Slavic loan word.〔A.P. Horvath, Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians, Hereditas, Budapest, 1989, p. 64〕 The Hungarian name of the city (''Jászvásár'') literally means "Jassic Market"; the antiquated Romanian name, ''Târgul Ieșilor'' (and the once-favoured ''Iașii''), may indicate the same meaning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iași」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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